SUMMARY: As stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term morbidity worldwide, the research community has studied cardiac embolic sources, as well as vessel wall pathologies. For the latter, attention has been focused on defining morphologic tissue features associated with catastrophic events stemming from the carotid artery. Multiple noninvasive imaging modalities are currently being used to image and classify carotid atherosclerotic plaques, such as MR imaging, CT, and sonography, in an effort to provide clinically relevant predictive metrics for use in patient risk stratification and to define appropriate treatment options. This article compares and contrasts these existing clinical imaging modalities along with discussion of a new endovascular technique originally developed for cardiology, OCT, with which 3D comprehensive high-resolution images of the arterial wall can be acquired. Published online before print March 8, 2012, doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2753 AJNR 2012 33: 1642-1650. Copyright © 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology
Background and Purpose—Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is one of the main causes of ischemic strokes. The aim of this study was to investigate carotid plaque vulnerability markers in relation to blood flow direction and the mechanisms leading to plaque rupture at the upstream side of carotid stenoses. Stroke. 2011; 42: 3502-3510 Published online before print October 13, 2011, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.627265. Copyright © 2011 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background and Purpose—High stroke event rates among carotid artery stenting (CAS)-treated patients in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST) lead-in registry generated an a priori hypothesis that age may modify the relative efficacy of CAS versus carotid endarterectomy (CEA). In the primary CREST report, we previously noted significant effect modification by age. Here we extend this investigation by examining the relative efficacy of the components of the primary end point, the treatment-specific impact of age, and contributors to the increasing risk in CAS-treated patients at older ages. Stroke. 2011; 42: 3484-3490 Published online before print October 6, 2011, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.624155. Copyright © 2011 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction: The most significant factors leading to restenosis are yet to be described in the literature. The purpose of our study was to identify the incidence of restenosis in our patients with carotid artery stenting (CAS) for carotid atherosclerotic disease and to identify risk factors that are significantly responsible or related to the restenosis. Neuroradiology December 2012, Volume 54, Issue 12, pp 1347-1353. Copyright © The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
SUMMARY: In contrast to cervical and lumbar fusion procedures, the principal aim of disk arthroplasty is to recapitulate the normal kinematics and biomechanics of the spinal segment affected. Following decompression of the neural elements, disk arthroplasty allows restoration of disk height and maintenance of spinal alignment. Based on clinical observations and biomechanical testing, the anticipated advantage of arthroplasty over standard arthrodesis techniques has been a proposed reduction in the development of symptomatic ALD. In this review of cervical and lumbar disk arthroplasty, we highlight the clinical results and experience with standard fusion techniques, incidence of ALD in the population of patients with surgical fusion, and indications for arthroplasty, as well as the biomechanical and clinical outcomes following arthroplasty. In addition, we introduce the devices currently available and provide a critical appraisal of the clinical evidence regarding arthroplasty procedures. Published online before print October 27, 2011, doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2758 AJNR 2012 33: 1631-1641. Copyright © 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology
Based on current data and experience, the joint working group of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) and the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR) make suggestions on trial design and conduct aimed to investigate therapeutic effects of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We anticipate that this roadmap will facilitate the setting up and conduct of successful trials in close collaboration with our neighbouring disciplines. NeuroradiologyA Journal Devoted to Neuroimaging and Interventional Neuroradiology. Copyright © Springer-Verlag 201210.1007/s00234-012-1076-y
A new era of stroke treatment may have begun with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) by fully deployed closed-cell self-expanding stents (stent-triever). Multiple case series and the first randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have now been published. More studies are under way involving large numbers of patients, which in turn has resulted in less strict “pragmatic” study protocols. Problems with current trials include a lack of standardisation in the conduct of the recanalisation procedure, the definition of primary endpoints such as the grade of arterial recanalisation and tissue reperfusion, and the post-surgical care provided. In Part 1 of this two part series, we outline the current situation and the major research questions. NeuroradiologyA Journal Devoted to Neuroimaging and Interventional Neuroradiology. Copyright © Springer-Verlag 201210.1007/s00234-012-1075-z
Background and Purpose—Arterial hypotension is more frequently observed early after carotid artery stenting (CAS) than after carotid endarterectomy (CEA), but their long-term effects on blood pressure (BP) are unclear. We compared the effects of CAS and CEA on BP up to 1 year after treatment in the International Carotid Stenting Study. Stroke. 2011; 42: 3491-3496 Published online before print October 13, 2011, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.624478. Copyright © 2011 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background and Purpose—Limited data are available concerning the outcome of angioplasty/stenting for subacute atherosclerotic intracranial artery occlusion, which is often associated with progressive symptom development in the salvageable brain under ischemic threat due to poor collateral blood supply. Stroke. 2011; 42: 3470-3476 Published online before print September 22, 2011, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.622282. Copyright © 2011 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background and Purpose—Intracranial atherosclerotic disease is associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence. We aimed to determine accuracy of transcranial Doppler screening at laboratories that share the same standardized scanning protocol. Stroke. 2011; 42: 3429-3434 Published online before print September 29, 2011, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.621235. Copyright © 2011 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recanalization is observed in 20–40% of endovascularly treated intracranial aneurysms. To further reduce the recanalization and expand endovascular treatment, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of closed-cell SACE. Published online before print April 5, 2012, doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3034 AJNR 2012 33: 1651-1656. Copyright © 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology
Introduction: The possibility of recanalization and the need for retreatment are the most important limitations of intracranial aneurysm embolization. The purpose of the study was to compare the size of aneurysm remnants measured at follow-up with three-dimensional digital subtracted angiography (3D-DSA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). NeuroradiologyA Journal Devoted to Neuroimaging and Interventional Neuroradiology. Copyright © The Author(s) 201210.1007/s00234-012-1063-3
Background and Purpose—Several retrospective studies suggested that contrast extravasation on CT angiography predicts hematoma expansion, poor outcome, and mortality in primary intracerebral hemorrhage. We aimed to determine the predictive value of contrast extravasation on multidetector CT angiography for clinical outcome in a prospective study. Stroke. 2011; 42: 3441-3446 Published online before print October 6, 2011, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.623405. Copyright © 2011 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUND: The Pipeline embolization device (PED) is the latest technology available for intracranial aneurysm treatment. OBJECTIVE: To report early postmarket results with the PED. Neurosurgery: December 2012 - Volume 71 - Issue 6 - p 1080–1088 doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31827060d9. Copyright © by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A number of thrombectomy devices are currently undergoing clinical evaluation; meanwhile, various novel devices are under investigation. The aims of this study were to quantify flow restoration and the particle size distribution of the effluent pursuant to MET in an in vitro occlusion model. Published online before print May 3, 2012, doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3103 AJNR 2012 33: 1998-2003 . Copyright © 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology
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