Despite the high prevalence of varicose veins and the recent surge in research on the condition, the precise mechanisms underlying their development remain uncertain. In the past decade, there has been a shift from initial theories based on purely mechanical factors to hypotheses pointing to complex molecular changes causing histologic alterations in the vessel wall and extracellular matrix. Despite progress in understanding the molecular aspects of venous insufficiency, therapies for symptomatic varicose veins are directed toward anatomic and physical interventions. The present report reviews current evidence identifying the underlying biochemical alterations in the pathogenesis of varicose veins.
Purpose: To determine histologic changes induced by microwave ablation (MWA) in patients with pulmonary malignancy by using an ablation system with tumor permittivity feedback control, enabling real-time modulation of energy power and frequency.
Purpose: To investigate immediate and short-term effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on cardiocirculatory, hepatic, and renal function and characterize predictors for TIPS outcome in terms of organ function after TIPS.
Treatment for aortic aneurysms has shifted over the last 20 years from open surgery to endovascular repair (EVAR). After failures in the initial years related to early generations of endoprostheses and learning curves, EVAR became an established technique in the late 1990s, and randomized trials indicated at least a short-term benefit for EVAR versus open repair.
Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms can occur following percutaneous cardiac and peripheral procedures. There are multiple modalities available for the treatment of pseudoaneurysms including ultrasound guided compression repair, ultrasound guided thrombin injection, or endovascular repair with covered stent placement. If these methods are not indicated or unsuccessful, patients typically require open surgical repair. We report a case of a woman with a post-procedural pseudoaneurysm with concomitant arteriovenous fistula who was treated percutaneously with the implantation of an Amplatzer vascular plug. This novel technique was safe and effective and allowed our patient to avoid the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical repair. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purpose: Controversy exists regarding the preferred biliary drainage technique in patients with Klatskin tumors because few comparative studies exist. This study compared outcomes of endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).
Colon carcinoma remains the third most common cancer in the United States among men and women, and accounts for 9% of all cancer deaths (1). The majority (50%–60%) of patients with colon cancer will show the development of liver metastases, and 80%–90% of these individuals will present with unresectable disease. Liver metastases remain the most common cause of mortality in these patients, and they are therefore the focus of many current therapies.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of recanalization of occlusive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) that are inaccessible to the standard transvenous approach in patients with occlusive bare and covered stents.
Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of hepatic arterial injury in 3110 patients who had undergone percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and assess the risk factors for hepatic arterial injury and the treatment outcome after transcatheter arterial embolization.
Purpose: Pancreaticocolonic fistulas (PCFs) are uncommon complications of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Studies advocating primary surgical treatment showed severe morbidity and mortality with nonsurgical treatment, with survival rates of approximately 50%. However, a nonsurgical treatment scheme with primary percutaneous drainage and other interventions may show improved outcomes. This retrospective single-center study describes the presentation, diagnosis, course, treatment strategy, and outcome of successfully treated PCFs, with an emphasis on nonsurgical interventions.
We aimed to assess the safety, ef„cacy, and clinical outcomes of splenic artery embolization (SAE).
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance and effect on therapeutic management of 64-section computed tomographic (CT) angiography in the assessment of steno-occlusive disease in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard.
The present report describes three patients with portopulmonary venous anastomosis (PPVA) in whom balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) of gastric varices was attempted. No patients had a gastrorenal shunt. In one patient, after an approach from the inferior phrenic vein (IPV), the PPVA was embolized with the use of microcoils. In another patient, after an approach from the IPV, the balloon catheter was advanced to a distal position from the PPVA. B-RTO was performed in these two cases without systemic infarction. In the remaining patient, after an approach from the azygos vein, the balloon catheter was not advanced distally from the PPVA, and therefore sclerotic agents were not infused.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) represent a significant source of morbidity, especially in patients with the autosomal-dominant disease hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), which is found in 56%–97% of patients with PAVMs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. In the HHT population, reported incidences of PAVM range from 23% to 61%, and it is more common in patients with HHT1 (ie, endoglin mutation) than HHT2 (ie, activin receptor–like kinase 1 mutation) 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Clinical manifestations eventually occur in more than 70% of patients, typically by the fourth through sixth decades, although exertional dyspnea and fatigue from hypoxemia can be gradual and even unrecognized by the patient. More serious consequences relate to the risks of paradoxic embolization and rupture 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16. Stroke or transient ischemic attack is seen in 11%–55% of cases, seizures in 5%–15%, brain abscess in 5%–25%, and hemoptysis or hemothorax in as many as 18%. Pregnancy appears to present a greater risk for these complications (17). Finally, the incidence of migraine headaches is higher in patients with PAVM. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology Volume 23, Issue 12 , Pages 1578-1580, December 2012. Copyright © 2012 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of hepatic arterial injury in 3110 patients who had undergone percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and assess the risk factors for hepatic arterial injury and the treatment outcome after transcatheter arterial embolization. Published online before print August 26, 2011, doi: 10.1148/radiol.11110254 December 2011 Radiology, 261, 969-975. Copyright © RSNA, 2011
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